Classical sculpture refers to the art of sculpture that originated in the ancient cultures of Greece and Rome, which has profoundly influenced the development of Western sculpture. Classical sculptures are known for their portrayal of realistic human forms and expressions with an emphasis on harmony, balance, and proportion. These works often depicted gods, goddesses, mythological scenes, and figures of significant historical events and individuals.
In Greek art, classical sculpture reached its pinnacle during the 5th and 4th centuries BC, with masterpieces such as the statues of Zeus, Athena, and the discus thrower Discobolus. Roman sculpture, while heavily influenced by Greek precedents, added its own contributions by emphasizing portraiture and real individuals, often commemorating political figures and military heroes.